School Censorship is Detrimental to Education Essay examples -- Argume

School Censorship is Detrimental to Education       Mark Twain, John Steinbeck, Harper Lee, Maya Angelou. What do these writers have in common? Sure, they are all great American authors, but there is something else. They are all "banned." Censored. Forbidden. Who has not read a book by at least one of these authors? All are great pieces of literature and should be crucial parts of the high school curriculum. School censorship of books is detrimental to the educational development of high school students.    In order to understand the problems with school censorship, one must know why it is done. One reason is bad language. A prime example of this type of censorship occurred in a California school when words like à «damn' and à «hell' were blacked out of Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451. Students were stunned by the irony of the situation. A book about censorship was being censored (Wright). Sexual activity is another common reason for censorship, along with assaults on family values and violence. Why is this happening when 90% of students surveyed do not believe that books should be censored because they contain offensive language or sexual situations (Survey)? Negative racial treatment of characters, setting, or theme also fuels censorship (Simmons).    Something else that must be mentioned in order to understand the evils of school censorship are facts censors ignore; the first being literary quality. When they chose to censor a book they do not take into account the educational value of the book. How can one say a book does not belong in schools if they do not know what lessons it teaches? The second key element ignored is the manner in which teachers lead students to interact with texts. They g... ...eory censorship thus prevents students from thinking. There are ways of teaching our children morals, but censorship is not one of them. In the words of Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Every burned book enlightens the world."    Works Cited    Killing a Classic; Censorship: Offensive language can be instructional in a play about racism and segregation. The Sun; Baltimore, Md.; Nov.6, 1999. Simmons, John S. School Censorship: No Respite in Sight. Forum. Winter 1996/1997, pp. 12-16 Survey. "Survey on Censorship of Books in School" November 18,1999. Twain, Mark. The Adventurers of Huckleberry Finn. Penguin Books. New York, New York, 1959. Virginia Beach Public Library Librarian. Interview. November 19, 1999 Wright, Jake. Literary Censorship in America's Schools. On-line. Available: http://members.xoom.com/jakewright/censorship/   

A History of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani Essay

Albert Hourani’s book â€Å"A History of the Arab people highlights the Arab history in general since the early beginning of Islam –and even before that-, till the modern ages in the nineteenth century. The book is great for westerners interested in the Arabs and for Arabs, who are not familiar with their history. The book is a good add to any interested reader. Back ground information Lebanese-American historian Albert Tourane represent this book as an addition to his previous works discussing Arab’s history and Arabian affairs such as, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1789-1939,which was first published in 1962. It would be a mistake to deal with this book as a pure history book. It’s not depending only on dates and chronological extent of the Arabic people and civilization and this is a good point to build our review on it. Summary Hourani’s book begins with the story of Ibn-Khaldon, the great Arab socialist. The following chapter talks about the appearance of Islam and Muhammad and then his successors and the formation of the Islamic empire 3 . Next, the book talks about the Islamic society and its Koranic accounts 4 with the great revolution in translating science and Greek philosophy with the appearance of Sufism 5 . Islamic expansion and the description of minorities like Jews and Christians 6 followed. Life in countryside 7 and cities 8 and the rulers of the societies 9 were mentioned in later pages. † way of Islam† 1o and â€Å"The culture of the Ulema† 11 are two chapters talking about the faith in Islam with sense of community and low determination. The book also shows how culture was well represented 12 and how the following Ottoman empire 13 sustained the Arab world, with a brief description of Ottoman societies 14 . Chapter fifteen starts talking about the eighteenth century 15 and the European powers in the Arabic areas 16 like French intervention in Algeria. Opening of Suez Canal and Zionism arose with Jews settled in Palestine 16 and how the culture of Imperialism 17 started to have a loud voice in the area. Word War One 18 and its influence discussed in Chapter nineteen 19 with the modern life in Arabic societies 20 . Book show how the emergence of Israel started and the independent movements were held from French & British and The tragedy of the triple attack on Egypt on 195621. Chapter twenty two 22 show a rapid change in Arabic societies and the Arabic culture extended 23 with the climax of Arabism started from 1950s 23 . Final chapters of the book discussed the difference between Arabs, the sudden death of Nasser and the 1973 war between Egypt and Israel 24. final chapter states some major problems in the area, including Kurds struggle for independence, Sudan problem and women issues. Number of twenty pages of maps followed, which make a great way to represent the places that was mentioned in the book. Evaluation of the book This book is well represented with all the illustration and maps introduced. The Index is well-written and helpful in finding any information directly. As mentioned before, the book couldn’t be categorized as a history book; its better described as Social-history book and starting with the life of Ibn-Khaldun is such evidence. It represents a vast look on the Arabic societies through history, describing the life style, science, different religion and civilization. Many chapters described the same period of time but dealing with different subjects, like chapters twenty 25 two and twenty three 26 in the (1950s and 1960s). From the other point of view, this book skims some important details such as, the detailed pre-Islamic era, the great empires of Umayyad and Abbasid which was represented with partly amount of pages that doesn’t exceed seven pages in some cases. Also the detailed life of Prophet Muhammad, which has a great impact on the Arabic societies. Also Crusaders wars weren’t well mentioned, although it has a very huge impact on Arabs in its time. Conclusion Dealing with the history of Arabs is such a great effort and a hard game to play. This book tried to do the most of the job with a different way, which is representing history from the social point of view. I would recommend this book if one already has a minimum knowledge and understanding of Arab history . Otherwise I recommend alternatives such as, History of the Arabs from the earliest times to the present, of Philip Hitti. It would be useful for a good specialized historical reading.

Effectiveness of the Opening Chapter to Great...

Charles Dickens ?Great Expectations? was written during the 19th century, published in weekly installments in a magazine. The novel is based around Pip, the opportunities he is presented with and the difficulties he has to face. In the first chapter we are introduced to Pip, and Magwitch, an escaped convict. The theme of crime and punishment immediately draws us in. Dickens uses a number of techniques to ensure the readers continuing interest, such as pathetic fallacy, metaphor, themes, symbolism, and adjectives. When the convict appears, Dickens describes him using powerful word such as ?stung? ?glared? ?growled? ?terror? and ?savage? which immediately grabs the readers attention. Pip is described here as ?the small bundle of shivers†¦show more content†¦When Magwitch, the convict is first introduced, the reader makes an immediate judgment that he is a terrifying, menacing, wild, unpleasant man. He ?limps, shivered, glared and growled? he was ?sudden and strong? and thre atens and demands Pip do things for him. All the while Pip refers to him as ?Sir? showing his respectful and kind nature. Pip ?looked helplessly up into his eyes? and gives him a ?greater sense of helplessness and danger? reinforcing the idea that Pip is innocent and vulnerable. During the rest of the novel, the characters of Pip and Magwitch develop and change in many ways. Pip becomes a rich gentleman and becomes distant and isolated from his family, Joe Gargery in particular, and begins to feel almost ?ashamed? of his upbringing and background. He becomes almost a shadow of his vulnerable, naà ¯ve, former self. Magwitch however returns from jail in Australia a polite, gentle, warm, softer man. When Magwitch returns, in chapter 39, the readers previous opinion of him is immediately changed, as he reveals that every penny he has earned since their last meeting has gone towards Pip, to ensure that he lives a good life, and becomes a gentleman. Magwitch is now perceived as a noble, honorable man, as he has lived a poor, poverty stricken life of hard labor, and sacrificed luxury just to ensure Pip grows up a rich gentleman. Pip is now portrayed as being selfish andShow MoreRelatedAssignment Questions On Organizational Behavior1167 Words   |  5 PagesWeek 1 Discussion Post (Michael Baker) This week has been eye opening; I had no idea how involved the topic of â€Å"Organizational Behavior† affected so many aspects of the everyday life within an organization. There are no doubts after reading these first two topics that I’m already going to be able to improve how I handle my subordinates and interact with people at the college where I work. With all the different topics discussed in the text (Uhl-Bien, Piccolo Schermerhorn, 2016) it all comes downRead MoreBecoming A Trustworthy Leader, By Megan Tschannen Moran1230 Words   |  5 PagesIn chapter 8, Becoming a Trustworthy Leader, of the Jossey-Bass Reader on Educational Leadership, Megan Tschannen-Moran states, â€Å"the principal sets the tone for a school† (100). This statement, in my opinion, accurately sums up the true goal of any administration which is to be the guide and inspiration for the rest of the building. Therefore, I felt Moran and her chapter on trustworthy leadership were the most compelling components of the readings and lectures. Throughout the chapter Moran discussesRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesFaustus Orlando Don Quixote A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man A Gesture Life Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Ghosts The Scarlet Letter Great Expectations Sister Carrie The Great Gatsby The Sound and Fury Gulliver’s Travels Sula Heart of Darkness The Sun Also Rises Invisible Man Their Eyes Were Watching God Joe Turner’s Come and Gone The Things They Carried King Lear The Turn ofRead MoreBiblical Philosophy Of Team Building And Managing Conflict2502 Words   |  11 Pagesand potential for progress and accomplishment. Teams that find the ability to work together with a sense of unity and common vision seem to produce at high levels of effectiveness. Teamwork also, however, can create environments where conflict and challenge can easily arise and hinder the ability to work together with effectiveness. Patrick Lencioni states, â€Å"As difficult as it is to build a cohesive team, it is not complicated.† As simple as it may be, for many leaders the ability to build, developRead MoreNadra6920 Words   |  28 Pagesgratitude to my worthy advisor Abid Raheem Abid for his keen potential interest, useful suggestions, consistent encouragement, and parental behavior throughout the course of this study. Muhammad Asif |Serial No. |Chapter Name |Page No. | |1. |General Overview of NADRA |6 | |2. Read MoreBreaugh Starke (2000)15890 Words   |  64 Pagesyears, the amount of research on recruitment topics has increased dramatically. Despite this increase, recent reviews of the recruitment literature often have had a somewhat pessimistic tone. Reviewers have concluded that we still do not know a great deal about why recruitment activities have the effects they do. In particular, recent reviews have criticized many of the studies conducted for being poorly designed, narrow in focus, and not grounded in theory. We believe that many of these criticismsRead MoreThe Definition Of Human Resource Management1779 Words   |  8 Pageshuman resource management is to increase the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of organizational goals and objectives. The following areas of HRM were been discussed in class: †¢ EEO, laws prohibit specific types of job discrimination in certain workplaces (www.dol.gov, 2014), and Affirmative Action, a set of policies that require employers to show initiative in recruiting a diverse pool of applicants for their job openings (Youssef, 2012) †¢ Human resources planning, recruitmentRead MoreHuman Resource Planning in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh: a Comparative Study Between Public Private Bank4874 Words   |  20 Pagesrealize company objective, it is essential to have a manpower plan. (V.S.P. RAO-Bank Management Chapter-9 Manpower planning in a bank). Manpower planning or Human Resource Planning is essentially the process of getting the right number of qualified people into the right job at the right time. It is a system of matching the supply of people (existing employees or those to be searched or hired for) with opening the organization expects over a given time frame. The purpose of my study is to find out theRead MoreIntroduction Of Tqm For The Maruti 800 Passenger Car3299 Words   |  14 PagesChapter-1: Introduction to TQM What is Quality? In general term a product is said to be a quality product if it is able to perform its intended function in the most economic way. Further the term quality applies differently to different levels of customers or the groups of customers. Consider the Maruti 800 passenger car; it is a quality product for a medium income group peoples in India but a poor quality product to the higher income group since the requirements are different for different incomeRead MoreSingapore Airlines Organisational Design and Structure2535 Words   |  11 PagesFor ‘full service’ airlines and service organizations in general, delivering excellent service always come at a cost. SIA on the other hand has managed to deliver premium service to some of the most demanding airline customers, who have sky-high expectations, at cost that are within the range of those of budget carriers. With such an outstanding performance achieved in the airline industry; consistently delivering premium service to the customer and create a strong brand reputation over the decades

Roosevelts New Deal - 1480 Words

At the beginning of the 1930s, the American dollar depreciated rapidly, 17% of the workforce became unemployed, and Americans were losing hope in Capitalist ideas. During the 1932 election, Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran for office with the â€Å"New Deal† as his main focus. Soon after becoming elected and entering office on March 4th, 1933, he started implementing many new programs he felt would return the economy’s level to pre-1929. Many problems created by the stock market crash of 1929 were alleviated by the end of FDR’s third term, but the New Deal might not have been a total success. Many of the programs that were generated during the early days of the depression failed to perform as they were intended to, whereas others simply did†¦show more content†¦The secondary focus of the AAA was to stop foreclosures inevitable within the next few years. The government’s land banks would issue loans to stop current foreclosures and refinance all other mortgages, while keeping the interest rate at 4.5%. With these two steps taken towards assisting the farmers, the agriculture of America was able to continue for the next few years unimpeded. However, this was only a temporary solution to a problem that would plague America for the next few years. Harry Hopkins, a huge supporter for a welfare system which would allow every American to have a certain level of economic security, was placed in charge of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration on May 19th. The program was allotted $500 million dollars, for grants and loans, which Mr. Hopkins had to disperse among the states accordingly. This program combined with the Public Works Act significantly raised the lifestyles of the lower class and union members. The PWA sought to create multiple jobs by using government money to fund state building projects. This program can be seen even today in the form of public work offices located throughout many states in America. Many of the other programs in the New Deal were more focused on pro labor as compared with the previous administration’s ideas of l’aissez faire. L’aissez faire is a practice where the government does not interfere with the daily operations of big business. However, all programs were designed to relieveShow MoreRelatedFranklin Roosevelts New Deal1672 Words   |  7 Pagessit together in their living rooms as they turn the knob on their radios. The words â€Å"Good evening, my friends†¦Ã¢â‚¬  echo audibly over the static and ambient noise, and the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt informs the nation of his New Deal and planned solutions to the problems of post-Depression America. He speaks warmly and directly, addressing the American people â€Å"you† and himself â€Å"I†. Many people— unemployed or working, poor or wealthy, supporter or critic – listen attentively asRead MoreFranklin Roosevelts New Deal Es say503 Words   |  3 PagesFranklin Roosevelts New Deal When President took office in March of 1932 he had an idea of a plan, which would have to develop over time, which was the New Deal for the American People. He believed that if this plan went through, it would solve the problem of the Great Depression and restore the American economy. President Roosevelts New Deal that took time to develop included programs that would help the unemployed get jobs, social security issues such as welfare, and housing and agriculturalRead More Franklin Roosevelts New Deal Essay3182 Words   |  13 PagesRoosevelts New Deal On July 2, 1932, at the Democratic National Convention, the crowd listened intently to the phrase,† I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.† The New Deal name was soon applied to the program of reform and recovery instituted by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. During the early part of the Great Depression, the economy had ground to a halt as a result of the stock market crashing and the unemployment rates skyrocketed as businesses shut down. Only a veryRead More The Impact of Roosevelts New Deal Essay2197 Words   |  9 PagesDelano Roosevelt’s New Deal, that America’s most significant influential event can be found. The New Deal and its legacy had the largest impact on American society since the founding of the United States. The New Deal altered the political and social nature of the nation as well as preserved the fundamental capitalist nature of the American economy. At the outset, the New Deal changed the Americans’ view of their national government. Historian, William Leuchtenburg argues that the New Deal shouldRead MoreThe Success of Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal718 Words   |  3 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† package of legislation set a new precedent for United States involvement in cultural development. The New Deal was characterized by liberal use of government resources to provide relief, recovery, and reform to a nation that had been reeling from the aftermath of the Great Depression. While the immediate success of Roosevelt’s New Deal in mitigating the effects of the Great Depression is debatable, it’s long lasting impact on American government is still felt todayRead MoreThe Good and Bad of Roosevelts New Deal Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesBad of Roosevelts New Deal The era of the Great Depression was by far the worst shape the United States had ever been in, both economically and physically. Franklin Roosevelt was elected in 1932 and began to bring relief with his New Deal. In his first 100 days as President, sixteen pieces of legislation were passed by Congress, the most to be passed in a short amount of time. Roosevelt was re-elected twice, and quickly gained the trust of the American people. Many of the New Deal policiesRead More Franklin Roosevelts New Deal Essay examples897 Words   |  4 PagesIt was called relief. Franklin Roosevelts New Deal provided relief to millions of Americans who had lost their homes, their jobs, and their hope. Many others felt that the radical new policies of FDR threatened the sanctity of the Constitution and free enterprise. Roosevelts New Deal policies had many critics but among the most vocal were groups like the American Liberty League and powerful Socialists who argued that the New Deal policies eit her went too far or not far enough in solving theRead MoreInterpretations of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal1635 Words   |  7 Pagesdrafted The New Deal, consisting of policies which they hoped would help all declining facets of the nation at the time. The American people needed to heed a promising leader that would set plans to end the depression, a change from president Hoover who seemed to have no set plan for foe dealing with such economic crisis. The New Deal aimed to stimulate the economy, create jobs, and lift America out of the economic strife. The controversy amongst historians that surrounds the New Deal is whetherRead MoreThe Most Significant Aspect of Roosevelt’s Presidency and the New Deal3340 Words   |  14 PagesThe Most Significant Aspect of Roosevelt’s Presidency and the New Deal In this essay I shall first of all weigh up all the different aspect’s of Roosevelt’s Presidency and the New Deal and finally come about a conclusion as to what was the most significant aspect. However I am going to begin by looking at how his government was different to that of his predecessors, then I shall look at the immediate affects of hi government, then what other changes influenced his governmentRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal and Unemployment1355 Words   |  6 Pages The New Deal was President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s legislative agenda for rescuing the United States from the Great Depression. The Great depression is widely believed to have been caused by the instability of the stock market in the 1920’s, due to a rising number of ‘speculators’. On October 29, 1929, the crash of the U.S. stock market triggered a worldwide financial crisis. In 1929-1933, unemployment in the U.S. soared from 3 percent of the workforce to 25 percent,

`` A One Hour Long Film Produced By Media Education...

A one-hour long film produced by Media Education Foundation and directed by Sut Jhally, Tough Guise is a documentary released in 1999. The film features Jackson Katz - an anti-violence educator, filmmaker and author – who, as the title of the film itself implies, speaks about representations of violence and hypermasculinity prevalent in our social media, and how this affects our society as a whole. The film starts with the narrator, Jackson Katz, underlining the extreme notion of masculinity that is presented in our everyday lives. Contrary to popular beliefs, masculinity is a projection that is put up by men and not a fixed state of being. The ‘tough guise’, defined by Katz as â€Å"the front that so many men put up that s based on the extreme notions of masculinity that emphasizes toughness and physical strength and gaining the respect and admiration of others through violence or the implicit threat of it†, becomes the main issue that affects people who identify as male. When Katz brought up the meaning of a man, the film intercuts to scenes of interviewed teenagers who used words like ‘tough’, ‘independent’, ‘muscular’, ‘strong’, and ‘powerful’ to describe their ideas of a man. When asked to describe a man who does not conform to these standards, the teenagers used words like ‘wussâ₠¬â„¢, ‘sissy’, ‘weak’, ‘bitch’, and ‘fag’ instead. This scene truly underlines the widespread binary gender roles that are seen as common and universal among adolescents. In a sense, this influential

Anthropology Notes Free Essays

Anth 100 Sept 15 2010 Galileo †¢ Telescope + objectification o Not just the vision to outer space, but you could also look back on us o Previous the only way to explain supernatural things was from the bible, when your trying to look at planets with an telescope you explain them as objects not as supernatural. o That being said the idea of looking back at the earth would be looking at everything as an object: thus objectifying everything o Saying there is universal laws that justify everything the entire social structure of god, pope, church would be changed, there was now more Francis Bacon 1561 †¢ Describes that everything is their own object and you can understand what they do †¢ Idol Market place: are the misperceptions are the results of redirect and gossip †¢ Idol of the theatre: are the mistaken belief systems, transmitted from one generation to the next through superstition ritual †¢ Idol of the school: the notion that there is an abstract principle that perceives understanding of the world †¢ â€Å"We need to observe things in there pure truth† †¢ Knowledge system that is not attached to a belief a religion Idols of the Tribe are deceptive beliefs inherent in the mind of man, and therefore belonging to the whole of the human race. They are abstractions in error arising from common tendencies to exaggeration, distortion, and disproportion. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropology Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus men gazing at the stars perceive the order of the world, but are not content merely to contemplate or record that which is seen. They extend their opinions, investing the starry heavens with innumerable imaginary qualities. In a short time these imaginings gain dignity and are mingled with the facts until the compounds become inseparable. This may explain Bacon’s epitaph which is said to be a summary of his whole method. It reads, â€Å"Let all compounds be dissolved. † †¢ Idols of the Cave are those which arise within the mind of the individual. This mind is symbolically a cavern. The thoughts of the individual roam about in this dark cave and are variously modified by temperament, education, habit, environment, and accident. Thus an individual who dedicates his mind to some particular branch of learning becomes possessed by his own peculiar interest, and interprets all other learning according to the colors of his own devotion. The chemist sees chemistry in all things, and the courtier ever present at the rituals of the court unduly emphasizes the significance of kings and princes. †¢ Idols of the Marketplace are errors arising from the false significance bestowed upon words, and in this classification Bacon anticipated the modern science of semantics. According to him it is the popular belief that men form their thoughts into words in order to communicate their opinions to others, but often words arise as substitutes for thoughts and men think they have won an argument because they have out talked their opponents. The constant impact of words variously used without attention to their true meaning only in turn condition the understanding and breed fallacies. Words often betray their own purpose, obscuring the very thoughts they are designed to express. †¢ Idols of the Theater are those which are due to sophistry and false learning. These idols are built up in the field of theology, philosophy, and science, and because they are defended by learned groups are accepted without question by the masses. When false philosophies have been cultivated and have attained a wide sphere of dominion in the world of the intellect they are no longer questioned. False superstructures are raised on false foundations, and in the end systems barren of merit parade their grandeur on the stage of the world. Enlightenment †¢ The age of the metric system: abstract principle of a decimal system, anyone can use it †¢ The English system is assigning things in thought of your church/religion †¢ Lay these principles out in his book the Novum Orgaon †¢ The Objective Method â€Å"You can use the natural world in antastic ways if you view the world from an objective measure† †¢ Capitalize from the Objective Method Step 1) Start to catalogue everything †¢ Diderot started the Encyclopedia o Start to put lots of different languages math’s and other intellectual things in order o Doing this is actually challenging the system of knowledge and order, at that time the mona rchy †¢ Linaeus: Book Systemae Naturae, categorize every single species on the planet o Kingdom o Phylum o Class o Order Genus o Species †¢ Origin †¢ Evolutionism o Starts to explain the orgin of everything, not just a instance aperience from god o Spencer introduces the notion of society as a social organism ? Also suggests that is have a cohesion to the whole of society ? Social organism evolves through time from less complex to more complex ? Man of science giving a scientific authority to social issues o Luis Henry Morgan ? Rail and mining industries, lawyer Monogenesis, that all people originates from a common ancestor, controversial, plantation owner doesn’t want to be from common origin from slave ? Book: Ancient Society explain differences among societies but at the same they share a common evolution in their society †¢ Savagery (lowest)people directly dependent or fire bows spears and pottery †¢ Barbarism Heard livestock and agriculture, beyo nd hunter gatherer †¢ Civilization People who use alphabets, written language These stage is not qualitatively different they share the same ancestor: difference stages of a historical development †¢ To get from stage to stage you must have technological development †¢ Liberal view but gives the legitimacy that technology is the be all and we will force our technology and ideas on people How to cite Anthropology Notes, Essay examples Anthropology notes Free Essays Clan becomes important 1922 â€Å"An account of native enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. † BOOK Synoptic chart â€Å"†¦ to collect concrete data, and accordingly I took a village census, wrote down genealogies, drew up plans, and collected the terms of kinship. But all this remained dead material, which led no further into the understanding of real native mentality or behavior†¦ † (Malinowski, B. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropology notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1922) Verandah anthropologist Malinowski is saying in order to do real anthropological research, we need to be in the environment Participant-observation â€Å"Social anthropology began in the Trobriand Islands in 1914† o Leach, Edmund R. Armchair (at home) †+ Verandah (in a distant country – Rivers) †+ Participant Observation (observing and participating in everyday field settings – Malinowski, Evans-Pritchard) Malinowski – left England, not armchair Notes and Querries Tylor was thinking of developing Armchair o When most researchers were at home It kept changing After Malinowski, the notes and Querries book was viewed by other people He wanted to help people to make sure they are documenting things clearly There’s a focus on what to collect, what cultural content Querries about â€Å"string† (p. 286) The process of doing anthropological fieldwork o The how of anthropology o There weren’t too many other sources of guidance o People still needed guidance on what to collect If there is a yearly cycle, you can see the whole thing Evans-Pritchard Didn’t think notes and querries was helpful Theorizing culture o Video that we saw â€Å"it was soon clear that if I could gain a full understanding of the meaning of this word, I should have the key to Zande philosophy’ (from the video Strange Beliefs) facts in themselves are meaningless â€Å"even an idiot can produce a new tact† o thing is to product a new idea relationship between theory and data o between theory and observation these two are linked one cannot study anything without the other â€Å"in social anthropology you are studying not Just as an observer but also as a articipant. You are not Just a member of the audience: you are also on the stage. To understand the Nuer you have to go to learn to think as a Nuer, to feel as a Nuer, in a kind of way to be a Nuer. And this can’t be done by any kind of scientific technique. And this is why I think the anthropologist is in a peculiar position because he is trying to interpret what he sees, not Just with the head, but with his whole personality, with his heart as well. † (from video Strange Beliefs) Levy-Bruhl Primitive Mentality How to cite Anthropology notes, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility And Access - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about Corporate Social Responsibility And Access. Answer: Corporate Social Responsibility states that every business has a responsibility towards the society whether it is environmental, social or even towards its stakeholders including employees, suppliers, shareholders and community at large (Suliman, Al-Khatib, Thomas, 2016). Corporate social responsibility states that every business has responsibility to contribute towards the social well being of the society at large. Nowadays most of the company are compulsorily required to follow and fulfil their social responsibility towards the society in which it operates (Cheng, Ioannou, Serafeim, 2014). The company which is selected for this assignment is Altech Chemical Ltd which has its headquarters in Australia and it is also listed in the Australian stock exchange (Altechchemicals.com, 2018). The corporate responsibilities of a business organisation are given in points below: The main responsibility of any business organisation is to contribute to the needs of the society which may be generation of employment and income generation for the society as well as development of the business. Some of the business takes responsibility of environmental issues of the society such as planting of more trees, management and use of society resources in an effective manner. Most of the chemical and oil companies are responsible for waste management. In other words such types of companies are responsible to dispose off the waste created by them in a safe manner. Most of the time such wastes are hazardous in nature and therefore these waste must be dealt with in a safe manner. A business can engage in charitable work in order to show the society that the company is following its corporate responsibility toward the society. The charitable work of the business can be donations to public organisations, schools and charitable institutions. Altech Chemical ltd has to follow its corporate social responsibility as every business in Australia has to strictly follow corporate social responsibility. The corporate social responsibility of Altech Chemical ltd is the management of waste which the company generates in production of alumina (Altechchemicals.com, 2018). The hazardous and bio degradeable are dumped in a pit where there is no chance of leakage to the ground water or else it will lead to ground water population. The company is also engaged in exploration activities which naturally disrupt an area and its surroundings. However the company has license for exploration activity from the government of Australia. The responsibility of the Altech Chemical ltd is to ensure that the company develops the area where the company had conducted exploration activities (Altechchemicals.com, 2018). The company will be recovering the area and planting trees and levelling the ground soil. Most of the companies in Australia need to follow corporate social responsibilities as it is mandatory in most of the countries. It is the responsibility of the business to ensure that they are contributing to the needs of the society. (Bu?i?nien?, Kazlauskait?, 2012). Basically the society gives the power to such business to operate and in return the society expects that the needs of the society are given priority. However most of the businesses do not consider such responsibilities as important. They just incur such expenses in order to show the public that the company is incurring some expenses in Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). Such companies consider this CSR expenses as unnecessary expenses (Brammer, Jackson, Matten, 2012). However some of the companies follow such policies properly. Altech Chemical Company has shown exploration and development expenses in the balance sheet at $571904 for the period ending on 30 June 2016. The figure of exploration and development ex pense consist of restoration costs which the company incurs on the sites of exploration by the company (Altechchemicals.com, 2018). As per Milton Friedman, the one and only responsibility of a business is to use the resources available to the organisation in order to increase the profits of the organisation while facing competition and without using any deception or fraudulent means. Most of the corporate businesses agree with this view that the primary concern of the business is to earn profits and maximise the wealth of its shareholders. However due to strict norms introduced by most of the countries corporate organisations nowadays have to follow corporate social responsibilities. Some of the businesses have incorporated CSR strategies in their policies to ensure that the corporate responsibilities of the business are taken care of and the accountability for the same is accepted by the business. CSR strategies not only demonstrate to the society that the business care for them but also follow sustainable development. In order to understand how CSR strategies can bring about sustainable development, the first t hing that is needed to be understood is the concept of sustainable development. Sustainable development can be described as the development which looks after the needs of present generations without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Holden, Linnerud, Banister, 2017). The concept of sustainable development is important as it is the only way to save the natural resources for the future generations. CSR strategies consist of activities like environmental restorations, charity works, development of schools and hospitals and waste management. Corporate houses have responsibilities to ensure that the corporate social responsibilities of the business are efficiently managed and implemented. If business follow their corporate social responsibilities in efficient manner there is a genuine chance that the society can stay on the path of sustainable development (Barkemeyer et al., 2014).For this purpose the company holds various exploration licences from the Australian government and the company is also responsible for the rehabilitation of the area which was under mining or exploration. The exploration and development costs as shown in the balance sheet of Altech Chemicals ltd signifies that the companys exploration expenses are capitalised as it is directly associated with the production activity of the business (Altechchemicals.com, 2018). The exploration and development cost as shown in the balance sheet of the company which includes restoration cost of the area where the exploration activity took place. Thus the company undertakes activities which are related to the restoration of the environment and safe dumping of the waste which is generated in the process of production of alumina. Looking after the environment from where such businesses draw natural resources is definitely steps which the business takes towards sustainable development. Profit maximisation refers to concept where the business is focused on earning as profit as it can for the business. The business primary focus is when the business strategy is profit maximisation is to earn as much profit as possible for the business (Cao et al., 2013). In such a case the company uses all kind of strategies which will allow the business to earn as much profit as possible. A business normally earns more profits in order to satisfy the owners or shareholders of the business. In other words a business earns profit out of which a part of the profit is distributed among the shareholders. As the business earns more profits the business can distribute more profits as dividends to its shareholders. With passing time business and the world realised that the business are not just responsible to the shareholders but all the stakeholders of the business (Seuring, Gold, 2013). Stakeholders are individuals who are directly or indirectly affected by the activities of the companie s and hence the companies should be accountable to them as well. The stakeholders include employees, credits, banks, investors and anyone who is affected by the activities of the business (Lawrence, Weber, 2014). Nowadays most of the companies recognises that the company is accountable to all the stakeholders. In recent times the profit maximisation concept has been replaced by wealth maximisation concept and profit solely is not considered as a factor of performance of the business (Wilson, Plumley, Ramchandani, 2013). The business considers other performance indicators such cash flows in the business, companys reputation in the market, stock prices of the company in the market (Cho, Lee, Pfeiffer, 2013). Positive cash flow shows that the company has well established liquidity structure and positive cash flows show that the business is developing. The companys reputation in the market is also considered to be an indicator of the performance of the company. If the company is perf orming well then the reputation of the company will be good. The company will then have loyalty in the shareholder market. Results also show that a company which is performing well are always awarded with high share prices. Altech Chemical Companys financial statement shows that the company is not performing well as the company has incurred a net loss of $ 1233076 (Altechchemicals.com, 2018). The companys cash flow statement shows that the company has negative cash flow from operating activities in 2016 (Altechchemicals.com, 2018). This shows that the company is having difficulty in the operations. Reference Altech Chemicals Limited - High Purity Alumina Producer. (2018).Altechchemicals.com. Retrieved 11 January 2018 Barkemeyer, R., Holt, D., Preuss, L., Tsang, S. (2014). What happened to the developmentin sustainable development? Business guidelines two decades after Brundtland.sustainable development,22(1), 15-32. Brammer, S., Jackson, G., Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-economic review,10(1), 3-28. Bu?i?nien?, I., Kazlauskait?, R. (2012). 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